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Conjugation is the logical engine of Japanese communication. Verbs in Japanese convey polite and casual tones, tense (past and non-past), negatives, permissions, capabilities, conditions, and voices (passive/causative). Unlike English, which has hundreds of irregular verbs (sing/sang, go/went), Japanese verb conjugation is incredibly systematic. There are only two truly irregular verbs in the entire language: する (suru - to do) and くる (kuru - to come). All other verbs follow strict, mathematical conjugation formulas based on their verb group classification.
Our Japanese Verb Conjugation Chart PDF is a comprehensive visual guide designed to map out these conjugation formulas clearly. It breaks down verbs into their three primary classifications: Group 1 (Godan / u-verbs), Group 2 (Ichidan / ru-verbs), and Group 3 (Irregular verbs). For each group, it displays step-by-step rules to transform dictionary forms into high-frequency conjugations, including polite (-masu), negative (-nai), past (-ta), te-form, potential (-eru), conditional (-ba/-tara), volitional (-ō), passive (-areru), and causative (-saseru).
One of the most notorious hurdles for beginners is mastering the **te-form (-te)** and casual past tense (-ta) for Group 1 (Godan) verbs. Because Godan verbs end in different syllables (u, tsu, ru, mu, bu, nu, ku, gu, su), they conjugate into the te-form in multiple ways (e.g. kau -> katte, yomu -> yonde, iku -> itte). Memorizing these spelling changes can be overwhelming. Our conjugation chart simplifies this by grouping verbs visually by their dictionary endings and showing the exact letter transformations side-by-side, helping you master these tricky spelling patterns.
Additionally, this guide explains the distinction between polite (Teineigo) and casual (Futsuugo) conjugations, which is essential for navigating social relationships in Japan. Formatted as a high-density, vector-text A4 reference sheet, this PDF is perfect to place on your desk, insert in a grammar workbook, or load onto a mobile device, providing an instant lookup guide whenever you translate text, write homework, or prepare for JLPT N5 to N3 grammar exams.
Here is what you will find inside the PDF guide to support your learning journey:
This study resource is built with structured sections to target different aspects of your Japanese grammar and vocabulary progress.
Identify and classify Japanese verbs into Group 1 (Godan), Group 2 (Ichidan), and Group 3 (Irregulars).
Conjugate dictionary verbs into polite (-masu) and casual negative/past forms.
Master the double-consonant and voiced spelling changes for all Group 1 verb endings.
Learn potential (can do), conditional (if), and volitional (let's do) conjugation steps.
Review the formulas to construct passive (was done) and causative (make do) verb clauses.
Master conjugations for する (to do), くる (to come), and the exception 行く (to go).
Designed specifically to address the pain points of beginner and intermediate self-study learners.
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Visualizes complex verb structures in simple, color-coded tables for quick reference.
Avoid searching through multiple textbook pages for conjugation formulas during writing exercises.
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Whether preparing for tests or building practical speaking skills, this guide fits your study roadmap.
Learners transitioning from basic sentences to complex clauses requiring te-form or conditional past.
Students aiming to eliminate verb errors in sentence structure and reading comprehension questions.
Students looking for a consolidated reference guide to review and verify conjugations independently.
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Got questions about using or printing this guide? Check out our quick answers below.
Yes, this study chart is completely free of charge. You can download the full PDF instantly by clicking the download buttons on this page. We do not require any email signup, registration, or accounts. Our materials are open-access for students everywhere.
Yes, the chart is optimized to fit on a single A4 or US Letter page. The high-resolution vector layout ensures that all text, formulas, and arrow indicators remain sharp and legible when printed, making it perfect for your study binder.
Ichidan verbs always end in the syllables -iru or -eru (like taberu, miru). Godan verbs end in other u-syllables (like nomu, kaku, hanasu). Some -iru/-eru ending verbs are actually Godan exceptions (like hairu, kaeru). Our chart outlines these rules and lists key exceptions.
The PDF covers dictionary form, polite present/negative/past (-masu, -masen, -mashita), casual negative (-nai), casual past (-ta), te-form, potential (can do), conditional (-ba and -tara), volitional (let's), passive (to be done), and causative (to make do).
Yes, it features a dedicated section explaining the te-form spelling rules for Group 1 (Godan) verbs, which is one of the biggest challenges for beginners. It groups verbs by their dictionary endings (-u, -tsu, -ru -> -tte; -mu, -bu, -nu -> -nde; -ku -> -ite; -gu -> -ide; -su -> -shite) with clear examples.
The suffixes and rules are written in native Japanese Hiragana and Kanji, with clear English labels and phonetic romanization (romaji) helpers. This helps both absolute beginners and students transitioning to reading pure Japanese text.
Yes, indeed. While verb groups and basic tenses are taught at N5, advanced forms like potential, passive, causative, and causative-passive are heavily tested at N4 and N3 levels. This chart serves as a unified reference sheet for all these forms.
Absolutely. The digital file is saved in a standard PDF format compatible with all operating systems. You can open it in any reader or browser app and zoom in to read the detailed tables without any blurriness.
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